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It’s a common misconception that only “personal data” is protected under the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (“PDPO”). However, as Padraig Walsh from our Data Privacy practice explains, the definition of personal data is wider than this and it may be that if the data does not include information that can be used to identify an individual, obligations under the PDPO will not apply.

The PDPO defines personal data to be any data that relates directly or indirectly to a living individual, and from which it is practicable for the individual to be identified. This is similar to the definition of personal data in other laws such as the Personal Information Protection Law in mainland China and the GDPR in the European Union.

One key difference between the PDPO and these other legal frameworks is that, in Hong Kong, the PDPO requires a data user to expressly notify the data subject on or before collecting his personal data of the purposes for which it will be used. Similarly, it is not possible to transfer personal data to a class of persons other than those specified on or before the original collection of that personal data.

In this way, the PDPO seeks to balance the right of individuals to privacy with the needs of businesses to use data for their business operations. The PDPO also places obligations on data users when they engage third parties to process their personal data. This is designed to ensure that data processing in Hong Kong does not undermine data protection principles.

There is much discussion about the need for modernisation of data protection laws in Hong Kong, and while this is mooted, until such time as change comes about, companies should ensure that they understand their responsibilities under the current regime. They should also consider whether their existing processes fall within the scope of the PDPO. If so, they should take steps to ensure that they comply with all of the relevant provisions. Otherwise, they should be prepared to face the risk of enforcement action by the PCPD. This could include fines and other sanctions.