A horse race is a contest of speed among horses that are either ridden by jockeys or pull sulkies driven by drivers. The winner is the first horse to cross the finish line. The sport has become a global industry that includes breeding and training facilities, tracks, and betting offices. The industry is plagued by problems, including animal cruelty and drug use.

A jockey uses his whip to urge a horse forward. The horse may also be pushed by his handler or by his trainer. In many countries, a rider can be disqualified for using the whip too aggressively. Horses have a natural tendency to avoid situations that provoke fear, such as being stuck in the starting gate before a race or being whipped in a training setting. The sport has a reputation for cruelty, but progress is being made to improve conditions for the animals.

The sport is a popular pastime with many spectators. The atmosphere is often noisy, but the crowds can be friendly. There are also plenty of food and drink stands at most tracks.

There are also wagering opportunities available for non-fans of the sport, with parlays and other exotic bets. Some of the most popular types of races include handicaps, derbies, and marathons. The term marathon refers to a distance of over 1 1/4 miles, and it is the longest running race in the world.

While horse racing is not for everyone, it can be a lot of fun. Those who enjoy the sport can attend track events or watch races on television. The sport is a great option for people who want to be around horses.

Most races are run on oval tracks, which give the horse’s lower legs a tremendous pounding. This can strain ligaments and tendons. The pounding also can lead to a breakdown of the muscles. In an effort to prevent the injuries that can occur, some horses are given drugs that stimulate blood flow. This can help a horse recover more quickly from exercise.

Many fans of horse racing are concerned about the treatment of the animals used in the sport. The industry faces criticism over the use of dangerous drugs, overbreeding, and transport of horses to slaughterhouses abroad. Animal rights activists have conducted groundbreaking investigations into abusive training practices and steroid use.

During an election, scholars have studied the ways that horse races are covered in the media. One study found that corporate-owned and large chain newspapers were more likely to publish stories that frame elections as a competitive game, giving the most attention to frontrunners and underdogs. This strategy is particularly common in close races and during the weeks leading up to Election Day.